Some data from the first two annual reports from the Clinical Hospital for the Diseases of Children.
Table 7: Deaths in relation to ages during the first two years of the hospital [2].
| Under 6 months |
of |
186 |
patients |
29 |
died |
24.8% |
| From 6 to 12 months |
of |
195 |
patients |
18 |
died |
15.4% |
| From 1 to 2 years |
of |
345 |
patients |
49 |
died |
41.9% |
| From 2 to 3 years |
of |
220 |
patients |
9 |
died |
7.7% |
| From 3 to 4 years |
of |
602 |
patients |
12 |
died |
10.2% |
|
|
1548 |
|
117 |
|
100.0% |
“SIGNS AND MANIFESTATIONS OF GOOD DEVELOPMENT.Of 530 children, those who enjoyed a strong constitution, a favourable state of development, and exhibited promising prospects for its future progress, had, in the great majority,
- At the age of eight months:
- at least two teeth; the fontanelle not wider than one inch, the circumference of the skull not exceeding that of the chest by more than one inch.
- At thirteen months:
- eight teeth or more; the fontanelle ossified; the skull not exceeding the chest by more than one inch and a half; and being able to walk.
- At two years:
- having all the twenty teeth; the skull not exceeding the chest by more than one inch.
- At three years:
- the skull in circumference nearly equal to, or even surpassing the chest.
- At four years:
- the chest exceeding the skull in circumference.
- At eight years:
- the chest exceeding the skull by at least two to three inches.”
Table 8: Course of dentition in those deemed to have good or bad development [1].
| In Children with GOOD development |
|
In Children with BAD development |
| in 161, so far as the mothers could remember, or we could ascertain, the first pair of teeth were cut: |
in 119, partly seen at the time of the first teeth, partly according to mothers’ statements, the first pair of teeth appeared: |
| at 2 months in |
3 |
at 2 months in |
1 |
| at 3 months in |
9 |
at 3 months in |
6 |
| at 4 months in |
10 |
at 4 months in |
11 |
| at 5 months in |
22 |
at 5 months in |
12 |
| at 6 months in |
42 |
at 6 months in |
10 |
| at 7 months in |
22 |
at 7 months in |
22 |
| at 8 months in |
20 |
at 8 months in |
8 |
| at 9 months in |
18 |
at 9 months in |
9 |
| between 10 and 12 months |
12 |
between 10 and 12 months |
20 |
| between 12 and 14 months |
3 |
between 12 and 14 months |
26 |
| after 14 months |
0 |
after 14 months |
16 |
|
161 |
|
119 |
| In children of GOOD development: |
| At the age of from 5 to |
7 months, closed in |
3, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
8 months, closed in |
2, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
9 months, closed in |
2, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
10 months, closed in |
2, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
11 months, closed in |
4, open in |
11 |
| “ |
12 months, closed in |
11, open in |
3 |
| “ |
13 months, closed in |
13, open in |
3 |
| “ |
14 months, closed in |
13, open in |
2 |
| “ |
15 months, closed in |
9, open in |
0 |
| “ |
15 to 18 all closed, with 2 exceptions |
| After the 18th month it was not open in one having a good development. |
Table 9: State of anterior fontanelle in those deemed to have good or bad development [1].
| In children of BAD development: |
| At the age of |
7 months, closed in |
1, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
11 months, closed in |
1, open in |
all the others |
| “ |
12 months, closed in |
3, open in |
14 |
| “ |
13 months, closed in |
1, open in |
12 |
| “ |
14 months, closed in |
5, open in |
11 |
| “ |
15 months, closed in |
4, open in |
12 |
| “ |
16 months to 3 years, closed in |
13, open in |
14 |
In a few individuals, we found it open at from 3 to 4 years
these were most unfavourably developed, or rachitic. |
Table 10: Age of walking in those deemed to have good or bad development [1].
| Of 164 children with GOOD development: |
|
Of 137 children with BAD development: |
| At the age of |
9 months, began to walk: |
9 |
At the age of |
9 months, began to walk: |
0 |
| “ |
10 months, began to walk: |
16 |
“ |
10 months, began to walk: |
1 |
| “ |
11 months, began to walk: |
29 |
“ |
11 months, began to walk: |
2 |
| “ |
12 months, began to walk: |
44 |
“ |
12 months, began to walk: |
8 |
| “ |
13 months, began to walk: |
26 |
“ |
13 months, began to walk: |
4 |
| “ |
14 months, began to walk: |
15 |
“ |
14 months, began to walk: |
10 |
| “ |
15 months, began to walk: |
16 |
“ |
15 months, began to walk: |
14 |
| “ |
16 months, began to walk: |
5 |
“ |
16 months, began to walk: |
20 |
| “ |
18 months, began to walk: |
3 |
“ |
17 months, began to walk: |
22 |
| “ |
20 months, began to walk: |
1 |
Between 18 months and 3 years |
48 |
|
|
|
After the 3rd year |
8 |
|
Total: |
164 |
|
Total: |
137 |
| None later than at the 20th month |
Of the last named 8 however, 7 were ricketty. |
Table 11: Sanitary condition of mothers and their supply of breast-milk [2].
 |
Table 12: Relationship of nutrition to development [2].
 |
References
- Merei, A. S. and J. Whitehead. First Report of the Clinical Hospital for Disease of Children, Stevenson Square, Manchester, 1856.
- Merei, A. S. and J. Whitehead. Second Report of the Clinical Hospital for Disease of Children, Stevenson Square, Manchester, 1857.